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MathidiaMathematics Academy
Statistical investigation
Lesson 65 of 75
Review

Statistical reports

Objective. Write balanced conclusions supported by data and context.

  1. 1. Learn
  2. 2. Worked example
  3. 3. Practice
  4. 4. Feedback
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Learn: the key idea

A statistical report presents balanced conclusions supported clearly by data, avoiding overstated claims and acknowledging the limitations of the evidence used. A good report refers to specific figures, such as averages, ranges or percentages, rather than vague statements, and considers whether the sample size and method could affect how trustworthy the conclusion is. For example, rather than writing 'the data proves exercise improves health', a balanced report would write 'the data suggests a link between exercise and health, though other factors were not measured'. Reports should also mention whether any anomalies or outliers were excluded and why, since this affects the reliability of the stated conclusion.

Worked example

A survey of 20 pupils shows that those who read more also scored higher on a vocabulary test. Write a balanced concluding sentence for a statistical report on this finding.

20
Illustrated card showing 20
  1. 1Identify what the data actually shows: a positive relationship between reading and vocabulary scores.
  2. 2Consider the sample size: only 20 pupils, which is relatively small.
  3. 3Avoid overstating certainty, using cautious wording instead of 'proves'.
  4. 4Combine these into a balanced conclusion acknowledging the limited sample.

Answer: The data suggests a link between reading more and higher vocabulary scores, though the small sample of 20 pupils limits how confidently this can be generalised.

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Common mistake. Pupils often state conclusions as absolute certainties, writing 'this proves' instead of 'this suggests', overstating what the data can actually support. Use cautious language such as 'suggests' or 'indicates' rather than claiming certainty.

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