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Algebraic manipulation
Lesson 19 of 75
Challenge

Substitution with powers

Objective. Evaluate formulae containing powers and negative values.

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  2. 2. Worked example
  3. 3. Practice
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Learn: the key idea

Substitution with powers means replacing letters in a formula with given numbers, taking particular care with the order of operations when a power or a negative value is involved. When substituting a negative number into a squared term, such as finding x² when x = −3, calculate (−3)² = 9, since the whole negative value is squared, not just the 3. In a formula like y = 2x² + 5, substituting x = −3 gives y = 2 × 9 + 5 = 23, applying the power before the multiplication, following BIDMAS throughout.

Worked example

Find the value of 3x² − 4 when x = −2, using substitution with powers.

3 … 4
Illustrated card showing 3 … 4
  1. 1Substitute x = −2 into the squared term: (−2)² = 4
  2. 2Multiply by the coefficient: 3 × 4 = 12
  3. 3Subtract 4 from the result: 12 − 4
  4. 4Calculate the final value: 8

Answer: 8

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Common mistake. Pupils often calculate x² for x = −3 as −9 by squaring only the 3 and keeping the negative sign separately, instead of correctly squaring the whole negative value to get (−3)² = 9.

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