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Straight-line graphs
Lesson 13 of 13

Parallel and perpendicular lines

Objective. Use gradients to identify parallel and perpendicular lines.

The key idea

Parallel lines share a gradient. Perpendicular gradients multiply to −1, so the perpendicular gradient is the negative reciprocal.

Worked example

Find a line perpendicular to y = 2x + 1 through (0, 4).

2 … 1
Coordinate grid with the line 2 … 1
  1. 1Gradient 2, so perpendicular gradient is −1/2.
  2. 2Intercept is 4.
  3. 3y = −x/2 + 4.

Answer: y = −0.5x + 4

Practice

Each question comes with a picture and a listen button. Try it first, then reveal the answer.

Common mistake. Using the reciprocal without changing the sign.

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